ÿWPCO I×mµ&ÜǽS"ärH‘!ú¹Å!s„°4.‰?°¼wºêzðemòà®è–P<0%i¾Ã"ØN5tÁ ²n3mœ{ȋޱͣ…ÓK†•9I®¹îR<—ú]L3xÙ°Zퟄ2–E4vò1&ìAµãʶx&ÙðdÂÿdómÈ‚žÉþÀTŠú·)¯+*î•Pm¦¼ÂÚ›a@ñÀ£ XË2J[ºçpã*ävgŸ‰Ø¨g\Å`AYgER¬ìZêðQ0j=„LJ(3¡ßCh2†È9RkX¾C˜c1®J@œ0O 2úÃ38½&Ì0p柈ñ(¨ùÄS[~r&Õ£iŠuM›"ž‘|1àYi°q@C~œÿI‚eä¬i!S)ç§Rg~59»È+ÈyõÖF=~Á0çY“ÿZLåRÔÀH½mKPL`¶­GbOs0ðã3¦{ŽÇúf+­ŒˆåDË ÅÅy òPb4ð_Õ¾'}³ûúÍ›}ŒytµNÙªsWÔ‘ r­ÏNÆv¦Í®Ì?±5'mYSÓ 0V Ng 72i 1‡› “" 72µ 1‡ç 72n 1‡  72' 1‡Y 72à à à  0¦ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ 0wؘHP LaserJet 4250 PCL 6ÈÈÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô ™Ý ƒ½Þ'ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  Óò òJULY€2009€MARYLAND€BAR€EXAMINATIONÐ ° ÐBOARDððS€ANALYSISó ó(.3½Þ$§§Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ý3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)Ïž;s 0Š½CEKQW]cioAutoList11)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)*>8;;Backup3|x(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÿU‹ÿÀÀÀô\  `&Times New Roman(.3½Þ$©©Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ý (EhCEKQW]cioAutoList2a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a. ‰Ý ƒ½Þ)ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  Óò òPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú€of€Ú  Ú16Ú  Úó óa.0«=CEKQW]cioAutoList3A.a.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(ehCEKQW]cioAutoList4a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.(uhCEKQW]cioAutoList5a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a. 0;;ÿÿ.headerÑ  ÑÓ °°ÀÐ ÓÔ‡XXXÔÑ  ÑÓ °°ÀÐ ÓÔ‡XXXÔ Ñe°Ñ(Oé;$µµà0  àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  Óò òÖ€ÿÿÖÖ€ÿÿÖQUESTION€1ó óÐ P ÐÓ=ÓÌò òProfessional€Responsibility:ó óÐ ( Ø ÐÌà  àRule€1.7€of€the€Rules€of€Professional€Conduct€expressly€precludes€the€representation€ofÐ  ° Ðtwo€clients€where€the€representation€involves€the€assertion€of€a€claim€by€one€client€against€theÐ ì œ Ðother€in€the€same€litigation.€€If€the€negligence€suit€is€not€barred,€as€discussed€below,€Judy€mayÐ Ø ˆ Ðhave€to€sue€Joe€and€Mr.€Burr.€€Accordingly,€the€same€attorney€should€not€represent€bothÐ Ä t Ðindividuals.Ð °` ÐÌò òPossible€claims€by€Joe:€ó óÐ ˆ8  ÐÌà  àJoe€should€bring€a€negligence€action€against€Mr.€Burr.€€A€plaintiff€must€prove€theÐ `  Ðfollowing€in€order€to€have€a€valid€action€for€negligence:€€€€€€€€Ð Lü  ÐÌà  à1.à ` àthat€the€defendant€owed€a€duty€to€protect€the€plaintiff€from€injury;Ð $Ô  Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€2.à ` àthat€the€defendant€breached€the€duty;Ð À Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€3.à ` àthat€the€plaintiff€suffered€actual€injury/loss;€and€€€€€€€Ð ü¬ Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€4.à ` àthe€defendantððs€breach€of€the€applicable€duty€was€the€proximate€cause€of€the€Ð è˜ Ðà  àà ` àinjury/loss.òòóóÐ Ô„ ÐÌà  àThe€facts€indicate€that€Mr.€Burr€deliberately€erected€a€dangerous€fence€in€the€area€that€heÐ ¬\ Ðknew€trespassers€often€gathered€to€snowmobile,€and€that€Joe€was€injured€as€a€result€thereof.€Ð ˜H ÐGenerally€a€landowner€owes€no€duty€to€trespassers,€except€that€the€landowner€may€not€willfullyÐ „4 Ðor€wantonly€injure€or€entrap€the€trespasser.€€òòóóSince€Burr€deliberately€erected€a€dangerous€fence€inÐ p  Ðthe€area€where€he€knew€trespassers€would€gather,€Joe€may€be€successful€in€this€suit.€€An€issueÐ \  Ðarises€as€to€whether€Joeððs€presumed€knowledge€and€violation€of€the€law€could€be€consideredÐ Hø Ðcontributory€negligence.€If€so,€his€claim€may€be€barred.€Ð 4 ä ÐÌà  àViolation€of€a€statute:€€When€a€statute€provides€that€under€certain€circumstancesÐ  "¼ Ðparticular€acts€shall€or€shall€not€be€done,€it€may€be€interpreted€as€fixing€a€standard€for€allÐ ø"¨ Ðmembers€of€the€community,€from€which€it€is€negligent€to€deviate.€€But€where€the€statute€merelyÐ ä#” Ðdeclares€that€conduct€is€a€crime,€and€makes€no€mention€of€any€civil€remedy,€the€court€is€under€noÐ Ð$€  Ðcompulsion€to€apply€the€statute€and€it€becomes€more€difficult€to€find€negligence€as€a€result€ofÐ ¼%l! Ðsaid€violation,€particularly€when€no€penalty€is€attached€to€the€violation.€€Accordingly,€negligenceÐ ¨&X" Ðwill€not€be€imputed.€€€€€€€€Ð ”'D # ÐÌò òPossible€claims€by€Judy:ó ó€Ð l)"% ÐÌà  àJudy€possesses€the€same€argument€against€Mr.€Burr€that€Joe€does.€€It€should€also€beÐ H+ø#' Ðargued,€in€the€alternative,€that€Judy€was€not€a€trespasser€since€an€unintentional€and€involuntaryÐ 4,ä$( ÐÔ_Ôentry€onto€someone's€property€is€not€a€trespass.€€òòóóGenerally,€a€Plaintiff€will€not€be€barred€fromÐ P Ѐrecovery€by€the€negligence€of€a€third€person€unless€the€relation€between€the€two€is€such€that€theÐ <ì ÐPlaintiff€would€be€vicariously€liable€as€Defendant€to€another€who€might€be€injured.€€Therefore,Ð ( Ø Ðthe€driver's€negligence€is€generally€not€imputed€to€the€passenger,€unless€the€passenger€would€beÐ  Ä Ðvicariously€liable€as€a€Defendant.€€Thus,€Judy€may€be€able€to€sue€Mr.€Burr€for€his€negligence.€Ð  ° ÐÌà  àJudy€may€also€bring€a€negligence€action€against€Joe.€€Joe€knew,€or€should€have€known,€ofÐ Ø ˆ Ðthe€law€against€snowmobiling,€yet€he€decided€to€take€her€on€Burr's€property.€€She€was€injured€asÐ Ä t Ða€direct€result€of€his€activity.€€However,€Joe€may€raise€the€affirmative€defense€of€assumption€ofÐ °` Ðthe€risk.€Judy€chose€to€ride€in€a€snowmobile€built€for€one€rider€and,€therefore,€assumed€the€risk€ofÐ œL  Ðher€resulting€injuries.€€Ð ˆ8  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àÌÐ  `  ÐÓ  Óò òQUESTION€2ó óÐ P ÐÓ™ÓÌò òCustody€€€€ó óÐ ( Ø ÐÌà  àCourts€have€consistently€held€that€parents€have€the€constitutional€right€under€theÐ  ° ÐFourteenth€Amendment€to€raise€their€children.€€òòòòóóóóHowever,€under€exceptional€circumstances,€aÐ ì œ Ðcourt€may€remove€the€child€from€the€custody€of€the€biological€parent(s)€and€grant€custody€to€aÐ Ø ˆ Ðprivate€third€party.€€Grandparents€seeking€custody€are€considered€acceptable€such€third€parties.€òòòòóóóóÐ Ä t ÐÌà  àThe€test€to€be€applied€in€determining€whether€there€are€exceptional€circumstances€toÐ œL  Ðjustify€removing€the€children€from€their€biological€parent(s)€takes€into€accountòòòòóóóó:€€Ð ˆ8  Ðà  à(1)€the€length€of€time€that€the€child€has€been€away€from€the€biological€parent;€Ð t$  Ðà  à(2)€the€age€of€the€child€when€care€was€assumed€by€the€third€party;€Ð `  Ðà  à(3)€the€possible€emotional€effect€on€the€child€of€a€change€of€custody;€Ð Lü  Ðà  à(4)€the€period€of€time€which€elapsed€before€the€parent€sought€to€reclaim€the€child;€Ð 8è  Ðà  à(5)€the€nature€and€strength€of€the€ties€between€the€child€and€the€third€party€custodian;€Ð $Ô  Ðà  à(6)€the€intensity€and€genuineness€of€the€parent's€desire€to€have€the€child;€and€Ð À Ðà  à(7)€the€stability€and€certainty€of€the€child's€future€in€the€custody€of€the€parent.€€Ð ü¬ ÐÌà  àThe€behavior€of€the€parents€in€establishing€and€interfering€with€established€relationshipsÐ Ô„ Ð(bond€formed,€nature€of€the€relationship,€consideration€of€the€parents€for€establishedÐ Àp Ðrelationships,€and€related€issues),€and€the€effect€said€behavior€has€on€the€children,€€is€certainlyÐ ¬\ Ðsomething€which€is€considered€by€reviewing€courts.€òòòòóóóóÐ ˜H ÐÌà  àThe€children€have€lived€with€their€grandmother€since€2000.€€The€father€never€visited€andÐ p  Ðonly€sporadically€offered€monetary€support.€€He€removed€them€to€Florida€with€no€thought€ofÐ \  Ðtheir€bond€with€their€grandmother€or€their€grief€over€their€mother.€€A€court€may€find€exceptionalÐ Hø Ðcircumstances€to€grant€custody€to€the€grandmother€under€these€circumstances.€€Ð 4 ä ÐÌò òVisitation€ó óÐ  "¼ ÐÌà  àA€similar€test€is€used€to€address€the€issue€of€visitation.€€Maryland€law€grants€visitationÐ ä#” Ðrights€to€grandparents€"if€the€court€finds€it€to€be€in€the€best€interests€of€the€child."€€Despite€thisÐ Ð$€  Ðbroad€language,€there€is€still€the€presumption€of€parental€correctness€in€determining€whether€theÐ ¼%l! Ðchildren€should€have€visitation€with€the€grandparents,€as€visitation€is€a€type€of€custody€of€aÐ ¨&X" Ðlimited€duration.€€Thus,€a€grandparent€seeking€visitation€against€the€wishes€of€the€biologicalÐ ”'D # Ðparent€must€show€that€the€parent€is€unfit€or€that€there€are,€again,€exceptional€circumstances.€€òòòòóóóó€€€€€€€€Ð €(0!$ Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð l)"% Ðà  àÌà  àÌÐ 0,à$( Ðò òJurisdictionó ó€Ð P ÐÌà  àThe€grandmother€will€have€to€establish€that€Maryland€has€jurisdiction€in€the€matter€sinceÐ , Ü Ðthe€children€were€relocated€to€Florida.€€Maryland€law€establishes€that€Maryland€courts€haveÐ  È Ðjurisdiction€if:Ð  ´ ÐÓ€ (Š½83ÓÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚3£e ÝÔ2Š½ÔÚ  Ú1Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝMaryland€is€the€home€state€of€the€child€on€the€date€of€the€commencement€of€theÐ ð   Ðproceeding,€or€was€the€home€state€of€the€child€within€6€months€before€theÐ Ü Œ Ðcommencement€of€the€proceeding€and€the€child€is€absent€from€this€State€but€aÐ È x Ðparent€or€person€acting€as€a€parent€continues€to€live€in€this€State;݃3£e ž ݌дd` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚3£ "ÝÔ2Š½ÔÚ  Ú2Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  Ýno€other€state€court€has€jurisdiction€(or€has€declined€jurisdiction€on€the€basis€thatÐ  P  ÐMaryland€is€more€appropriate);݃3£ "Ù"݌Ќ< ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚3£ý#ÝÔ2Š½ÔÚ  Ú3Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  Ýthe€child€and€the€child's€parents,€or€the€child€and€at€least€one€parent€or€a€personÐ x(  Ðacting€as€a€parent,€have€a€significant€connection€with€Maryland€other€than€mereÐ d  Ðphysical€presence;€and݃3£ý#6$ÝŒÐP ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚3£´%ÝÔ2Š½ÔÚ  Ú4Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  Ýsubstantial€evidence€is€available€in€Maryland€concerning€the€child's€care,Ð <ì  Ðprotection,€training/development,€and€personal€relationships.݃3£´%í%ÝŒÐ(Ø ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌ€€€€€€€à  àThe€grandmother€will€need€to€file€suit€immediately€to€show€that€Maryland€was€the€homeÐ ° Ðstate€within€six€months€prior€to€the€commencement€of€the€proceeding.€Ð ìœ ÐÌÐ  Ät ÐÔ‡XüdXXXÔÓ  Óò òÑ€&pÑQUESTION€3Ð P Ðó óÓ  ÓÓÓÔ‡ȲŽÆXXüdÔÔ#†ȲŽÆÆȲŽ(#ÔÔ‡ȲŽÆÆȲŽÔÌÔ#†XüdXÆȲŽ’(#ÔÔ#†XüdXXXüdÔ(#ÔÓ  ÓÓÓà  àA€conspiracy€exists€when€two€or€more€persons€enter€into€an€agreement€to€accomplish€aÐ Ô„ Ðcriminal€or€unlawful€purpose.€€The€gist€of€the€offense€is€entering€into€the€illegal€scheme,€not€in€theÐ À p Ðdoing€of€the€act,€the€effecting€of€the€purpose€for€which€the€conspiracy€is€formed,€or€an€attempt€to€doÐ ¬ \ Ðthe€act€or€effect€the€purpose.€€The€crime€of€conspiracy€is€complete€at€the€moment€the€unlawfulÐ ˜ H Ðagreement€is€made,€without€doing€any€overt€act.€€òò€Greenwald€v.€Stateóó,€221€Md.€235,€155€A.2d€894Ð „ 4 Ð(1959);€òòRegle€v.€State,€óó9€Md.€App.€346,€264€A.2d€119€(1970).€€Abel€was€guilty€of€conspiracy€at€theÐ p  Ðmoment€that€Abel€and€Baker€ð ðagreedðð€to€the€breaking€and€theft.€Ð \   Ðà  àÌà  àA€co„conspirator€is€liable€for€all€acts€committed€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€€However,Ð 4ä  Ða€conspirator€may€withdraw€from€the€conspiracy.€€A€conspirator€is€not€liable€for€any€act€committedÐ  Ð  Ðafter€withdrawal€(although€a€conspirator€who€joins€after€the€formation€of€the€conspiracy€is€liable€forÐ  ¼  Ðprior€acts€done€in€furtherance).€Withdrawal€involves€intention,€and€is€a€matter€of€fact.€€WhetherÐ ø¨  ÐAbelððs€hesitation€and€failure€to€arrive€on€time€manifested€an€intent€to€withdraw,€particularly€in€lightÐ ä”  Ðof€his€subsequent€tardy€arrival,€is€a€matter€for€the€trier€of€fact.РЀ  Ðà  àÌà  àIf€Abel€is€found€to€have€withdrawn€from€the€conspiracy€when€he€failed€to€arrive,€Abel€isÐ ¨X Ðrelieved€from€criminal€liability€for€the€subsequent€acts€of€Baker,€including€the€shooting€of€the€guard.€Ð ”D ÐOtherwise,€Abel€may€be€guilty€of€the€first€degree€assault€since€it€occurred€in€furtherance€of€theÐ €0 Ðconspiracy€in€which€he€was€a€member,€despite€his€express€exclusion€of€guns€from€the€purpose€of€theÐ l Ðconspiracy.Ð X ÐÓ XÓÐ Dô ÐArguably,€Baker€terminated€from€the€conspiracy€with€Abel€when€(a)€Abel€failed€to€appearÐ 0à Ðand€Baker€entered€into€a€new€conspiracy€with€Charlie;€and/or€(b)€Baker€carried€a€gun€(inÐ Ì Ðcontravention€of€Abelððs€express€condition€upon€participation).€€If€so,€there€may€have€been€aÐ ¸ Ðmomentary€period€of€time€when€no€agreement€between€two€individuals€existed€and€the€initialÐ ô¤ Ðconspiracy€terminated.€€If€so,€Abel€is€relieved€from€criminal€liability€for€the€subsequent€acts€of€BakerÐ à Ð(and€Charlie),€including€the€shooting€of€the€guard.€Ð Ì | ÐÐ ¸!h ÐIt€is€not€necessary€for€the€conviction€of€one€co„conspirator€that€another€co„conspirator€beÐ ¤"T Ðprosecuted€or€convicted.€€It€is€only€where€one€is€convicted€and€another€is€acquitted€that€a€prosecutionÐ #@  Ðfor€conspiracy€is€barred€or€a€conviction€for€conspiracy€may€be€vacated.€€òòHurwitz€v.€State,€óó200€Md.Ð |$,! Ð578,€92€A.2d€575€(1952).Ð h%" ÐÐ T&# ÐWithout€the€necessity€of€a€request,€the€Stateððs€Attorney€shall€provide€to€the€defense€allÐ @'ð$ Ðinformation€that€tends€to€exculpate€the€defendant€and€the€failure€of€a€witness€to€identify€theÐ ,(Ü % Ðdefendant€or€a€co„defendant.€òòBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963);€òòRuleóó€4„263€(d).€€The€StateððsÐ )È!& ÐAttorney€shall€exercise€due€diligence€to€identify€all€of€the€material€and€information€that€must€beÐ *´"' Ðdisclosed.€€The€obligations€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney€extend€to€material€and€information€in€theÐ ð* #( Ðpossession€and€control€of€any€person€who€reports€regularly,€or€has€reported,€to€the€Stateððs€Ô_ÔAttorneyððsÐ Ü+Œ$) ÐÑ&pÑâ &âÑe°Ñâ &âÑ  Ñoffice€in€regard€to€the€particular€case.€òòRuleóó€4„263€(c).€€If€at€any€time€during€the€proceedings€the€courtÐ  Ðfinds€that€the€State€has€failed€to€comply€with€the€disclosure€requirement€in€the€case,€the€court€mayÐ ñì Ðorder€that€discovery€of€the€undisclosed€matter€be€permitted,€grant€a€reasonable€continuance,€grantÐ ÝØ Ða€mistrial,€or€enter€any€other€order€under€the€circumstances.€òòRuleóó€òò4óó„263€(n).Ð É Ä ÐÑ  ÑÐ µ ° ÐIn€this€case,€the€failure€of€the€security€guard€to€identify€Baker€is€clearly€exculpatory€of€Abel€Ð ¡ œ ÐÓ  ÓÝ‚!ÿÿÿÝÑ  ÑÓ! °°ÀÐ °œX!ÓÔ€XüdXXXüdÔÝ  ÝÓ XÓÓ$ °°N Ð °°ÀÐ $ÓÝ‚!ÿÿÿu;ÝÝ  Ýon€the€charge€of€assault€and€battery.€€Since€Baker€has€not€been€charged,€there€is€a€question€as€toÐ  ˆ Ðwhether€he€is€a€ð ðco„defendantðð€whose€non„identification€must€be€disclosed€within€the€meaning€ofÐ y t Ðthe€Rule€4„263.€€The€obligation€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney€extends€to€any€information€known€to€aÐ e` Ðpolice€officer€involved€in€the€investigation€of€a€crime.€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€398€Md.€194€(2006).݃!ÿÿu;<݌РQL  ÐŒÑ  ÑÓ! °œX°°N Ð !ÓÔ€XüdXXXüdÔÝ  ÝÓ XÓÐ =8  ÐIn€determining€a€sanction€the€court€will€consider€whether€a€report€of€the€attemptedÐ )$  Ðidentification€was€prepared€or€submitted€(or€concealed)€by€the€officer,€the€extent€of€the€dueÐ   Ðdiligence€exercised€by€the€Stateððs€Attorney,€whether€and€how€the€prejudice€to€the€defendant€canÐ ü  Ðbe€cured,€and€any€other€relevant€factor.€Ð íè  ÐÓ XÓÓÓÐ  ÙÔ  ÐÓ   ÓÓÓÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_Ô¹Ó  Óò òQUESTION€4Ð ñì ÐÌPART€AÐ É Ä ÐÓ  Óó óÌà  à(a)à ` àAlvinððs€lawyer€would€file€Motions€to€Dismiss€under€Maryland€Rules€2„322(a)€andÐ ¡ œ Ð(b).€€Motions€under€Rule€2„322(a)€are€mandatory,€and€must€be€filed€before€the€answer€is€filed.€€TheÐ  ˆ Ðmandatory€motion€would€be€based€on€2„322€(a)(4)€ð!ð€insufficiency€of€service€of€process.€€The€factsÐ y t Ðstate€that€Alvin€was€served€by€first€class€mail;€Rule€2„121(a)€requires€that€service€by€ð ðdelivering€toÐ e` Ðthe€person€to€be€served€ð8ð€or€by€mailing€to€the€person€to€be€served€ð8ð€by€certified€mail€requesting:Ð QL  Ðð ðRestricted€Delivery€ð!ð€show€to€whom,€date,€address€of€deliveryðð€copies€of€the€summons,€complaint,Ð =8  Ðand€other€papers€filed.€€Delivery€to€Alvin€by€first€class€mail€was€insufficient€under€the€Rule.€Ð )$  ÐFurthermore,€Alvin€can€argue€under€Rule€2„322(a)(2)€that€venue€is€improper.€€The€Complaint€wasÐ   Ðfiled€in€the€Circuit€Court€for€Baltimore€County.€€Alvin€is€a€resident€of€Anne€Ô_ÔArundelÔ_Ô€County;€theÐ ü  Ðaccident€occurred€in€Kent€County.€€Md.€Ô_ÔCtsÔ_Ô.€&€Ô_ÔJudÔ_Ô.€Proc.€Code€Ann.€ðð€6„201(a)€provides€thatÐ íè  Ðgenerally,€ð ða€civil€action€shall€be€brought€in€a€county€where€the€defendant€resides,€carries€on€aÐ ÙÔ  Ðregular€business,€is€employed,€or€habitually€engages€in€a€vocation.ðð€€The€facts€do€not€indicate€thatÐ ÅÀ ÐAlvin€has€any€contacts€with€any€County€other€than€Anne€Ô_ÔArundelÔ_Ô€County.€€The€suit€should€have€beenÐ ±¬ Ðfiled€in€Anne€Ô_ÔArundelÔ_Ô€County.€€Section€6„202(8)€of€the€Md.€Ô_ÔCtsÔ_Ô.€&€Ô_ÔJudÔ_Ô.€Proc.€Code€Ann.€alsoÐ ˜ Ðpermits€the€filing€of€a€tort€action€in€the€County€where€the€cause€of€action€arose;€the€accident€occurredÐ ‰„ Ðin€Kent€County,€so€the€action€could€also€have€been€filed€there.€€Alvin€should€prevail€on€bothÐ up Ðmotions.€€Venue€should€be€transferred€to€either€Kent€County€or€Anne€Ô_ÔArundelÔ_Ô€County,€and€SheilaÐ a\ Ðshould€have€to€effect€service€properly€under€the€Rules.Ð MH ÐÌà  àThere€is€also€basis€for€a€motion€under€Rule€2„322(b)(2)€„„€failure€to€state€a€claim€under€whichÐ %  Ðrelief€can€be€granted.€€In€this€case,€it€appears€that€Ô_ÔJudÔ_Ôððs€claim€was€untimely€filed.€€The€accidentÐ   Ðoccurred€in€March€2005;€the€action€was€filed€in€June€2009,€more€than€three€years€later.€€Md.€Ô_ÔCtsÔ_Ô.€&Ð ýø ÐÔ_ÔJudÔ_Ô.€Proc.€Code€Ann.€ðð€5„101€provides€that€ð ð[a]€civil€action€at€law€shall€be€filed€within€three€yearsÐ éä Ðfrom€the€date€it€accruesð8ððð€€If€the€limitations€defense€is€apparent€on€the€face€of€the€Complaint,€it€mayÐ Õ Ð Ðbe€raised€by€a€Motion€to€Dismiss€for€failure€to€state€a€claim€under€which€relief€can€be€granted.€€TheÐ Á!¼ Ðclaim€filed€on€Keithððs€behalf€does€not€appear€to€be€barred€by€limitations.€€Keith€was€14€when€theÐ ­"¨ Ðcause€of€action€accrued€(the€date€of€the€accident).€€He€remained€under€a€disability€until€he€attainedÐ ™#” Ðmajority€when€he€turned€18€in€March,€2008.€€Section€5„201(a)€of€the€Md.€Ô_ÔCtsÔ_Ô.€&€Ô_ÔJudÔ_Ô.€Proc.€CodeÐ …$€  ÐAnn.€provides€that€the€statute€of€limitations€is€extended€for€minors€while€they€are€under€a€disability.€Ð q%l! ÐThe€statute€is€extended€for€minors€for€ð ðthe€lesser€of€three€years€or€the€applicable€period€of€limitationsÐ ]&X" Ðafter€the€date€the€disability€is€removed.ðð€€In€this€case,€the€limitations€period€for€Keithððs€cause€ofÐ I'D # Ðaction€would€run€until€March€15,€2011,€which€is€three€years€following€the€time€that€Keithððs€disabilityÐ 5(0!$ Ðwas€removed€by€his€attaining€the€age€of€majority.Ð !)"% Ð̀РÐà  à(b)à ` àThe€Court€should€grant€the€motions.€€The€venue€is€improper€for€the€reasons€set€outÐ å+à$( ÐÔ_Ôin€the€answer€to€part€(a),€above,€and€service€was€not€proper€under€the€methods€set€out€in€Rule€2„Ð  Ðl2l(a).€€Service€is€easily€cured€by€either€effecting€service€as€provided€in€the€Rules,€or€by€askingÐ ñì ÐAlvinððs€counsel€to€accept€service€on€his€behalf.€€Venue€can€be€cured€by€transferring€the€action€to€theÐ ÝØ Ðproper€venue,€probably€the€County€where€Alvin€lives,€unless€Alvin€is€willing€to€waive€that,€too.€BothÐ É Ä Ðof€these€motions€were€mandatory€and€to€be€raised€initially€or€waived.€€However,€both€motions€mayÐ µ ° Ðwell€be€moot€in€Judððs€case,€since€it€appears€on€the€face€of€the€complaint€that€the€statute€of€limitationsÐ ¡ œ Ðhas€run€on€Judððs€cause€of€action,€and€the€Motion€to€Dismiss€under€Rule€2„322(b)(2)€should€beÐ  ˆ Ðgranted.Ð y t ÐÌÓ  Óò òPART€BÐ QL  ÐÓ  Óó óÌà  àThe€trial€court€should€overrule€Sheilaððs€objection€and€permit€Alvinððs€testimony.€€Rule€2„Ð )$  Ð432(a)€permits€a€discovering€party€to€obtain€sanctions€if€a€party€fails€to€appear€at€his€deposition€afterÐ   Ðproper€notice.€€The€motion€for€sanctions€ð ðshall€be€filed€with€reasonable€promptness.ðð€€Rule€2„432(d).€Ð ü  ÐSince€Sheila€neglected€to€use€the€remedies€provided€by€Rule€2„432(a),€the€trial€court€should€notÐ íè  Ðimpose€sanctions€during€the€trial.Ð ÙÔ  ÐÓp@ÓÓ  ÓÔ#†XüdXXXüd‚@#ÔÌÐ  ˜ ÐÓÓÓ  ÓÓ  Óò òQUESTION€5ó óÐ  Ðà @ àòòÌóóÓ  Óò òó óà  àExecution€of€a€mortgage€by€Chaney€in€December€1985,€as€to€his€undivided€interest€inÐ ÝØ ÐParcel€B€destroyed€the€joint€tenancy€and€made€Chaney€and€Bush€tenants€in€common,€each€withÐ É Ä Ðan€undivided€one„half€interest€in€Parcel€B.€€Each€could€convey€or€devise€his€one„half€interest.€Ð µ ° ÐòòAlexander€v.€Boyeróó,€254€Md.€511.Ð ¡ œ ÐÌà  àOn€Bushððs€death€in€2006,€his€one„half€interest€in€Parcel€B€did€not€vest€in€Chaney€becauseÐ y t Ðof€the€destruction€of€the€joint€tenancy,€but€would€go€through€Bushððs€intestate€estate€to€hisÐ e` Ðdaughters,€who€would€each€have€a€25%€undivided€interest€in€Parcel€B.Ð QL  ÐÌà  àChaney€and€Bush€had€an€easement€by€implied€reservation€by€necessity€over€Parcel€B.€Ð )$  ÐWhere€there€is€a€conveyance€of€land€without€an€express€reservation€of€an€easement,€an€easementÐ   Ðmay€be€implied€if€it€is€reasonably€necessary€for€the€fair€enjoyment€of€the€property€retained€by€theÐ ü  Ðgrantor.€€An€easement€cannot€be€taken€or€reserved€by€implication€unless€it€is€òòdeóó€òòfactoóó€annexedÐ íè  Ðand€in€use€at€the€time€of€the€grant,€and€it€is€shown€to€be€necessary€to€the€enjoyment€of€the€parcelÐ ÙÔ  Ðretained€by€the€grantor.€€George€and€Laura€retained€such€an€easement€over€the€200€foot€drivewayÐ ÅÀ Ðwhen€they€conveyed€Parcel€B€to€Bush€and€Chaney€on€September€1,€1985.Ð ±¬ ÐÌà  àEasement€of€necessity€continues€to€exist€only€as€long€as€there€may€be€a€necessity€for€itsÐ ‰„ Ðuse,€and€it€ceases€to€exist€when€the€necessity€for€it€ceases.€€Here,€when€the€new€public€road€wasÐ up Ðbuilt,€the€need€for€an€easement€over€Parcel€B€ceased€and€the€easement€would€be€extinguished.Ð a\ ÐHere,€there€is€unlikely€to€be€an€easement€by€prescription;€even€through€the€driveway€has€been€inÐ MH Ðexistence€and€used€by€George€and€Laura€for€twenty€years,€it€has€likely€been€used€with€permissionÐ 94 Ðof€their€sons€and€not€hostile.€€Although€the€easement€has€been€extinguished,€Chaney€and€BushððsÐ %  Ðdaughters€may€have€a€right€to€use€the€driveway€as€tenants€in€common€in€Parcel€B.Ð   ÐÌà  àThe€doctrine€of€merger€is€also€involved€in€this€factual€pattern€since€Chaney€acquired€titleÐ éä Ðto€A€and€an€undivided€interest€in€B.€€Merger€did€not€occur€because€of€the€outstanding€interest€ofÐ Õ Ð ÐBush€and€his€heirs.€€òòKelly€v.€Nagleóó,€150€Md.€125.Ð Á!¼ ÐÓ&YÓÐ  ­"¨ ÐÓ  Óò òQUESTION€6ó óÐ  ÐÓÓÓ-dÓà  àThe€facts€of€this€question€provide€an€opportunity€for€an€applicant€to€discuss€whetherÐ ÝØ Ðeither€a€letter€of€intent€or€a€proposed€contract€created€an€enforceable€contract€under€MarylandÐ É Ä Ðlaw.€Ð µ ° ÐÌà  àBased€on€the€facts€presented,€the€Buyers€would€assert€that€the€letter€of€intent€wasÐ  ˆ Ðenforceable€because€there€was€an€offer€and€acceptance€that€was€supported€by€consideration€andÐ y t Ðthe€letter€of€intent€was€in€writing€and€was€signed€by€Dave€and€the€Buyers.€€However,€Dave€wouldÐ e` Ðassert€that,€if€reviewed€objectively,€the€letter€of€intent€was€not€an€enforceable€contract,€since€heÐ QL  Ðdid€not€intend€to€be€bound€because€he€reasonably€expected€to€receive€a€standard€form€of€contractÐ =8  Ðfrom€the€Buyers€for€his€review€and€approval.€€Therefore,€his€position€would€be€that€there€was€noÐ )$  Ðmutual€assent€by€both€parties.Ð   ÐÓ ,ÓÌÓ XÓÓ ,ÓIn€advising€Dave,€the€attorney€should€conclude€that€under€the€principle€of€the€objectiveÐ íè  Ðinterpretation€of€contracts€adhered€to€in€Maryland,€the€Buyers€will€not€prevail€since€it€isÐ ÙÔ  Ðincumbent€upon€a€Maryland€court€to€give€effect€to€the€plain€meaning€of€a€contract€and€not€toÐ ÅÀ Ðcontemplate€what€the€parties€may€have€subjectively€intended€by€certain€terms€at€the€time€ofÐ ±¬ Ðformation.€See,€òòCochran€v.€Norkunasóó,€919€A.2d€700,€398€Md.€1€(2007).Ð ˜ ÐÓ ,XÓÓ XÓÐ ‰„ ÐÓ ,ÓÓ XÓà  àThe€letter€of€intent€references€that€a€standard€form€contract€will€be€sent€to€Dave€within€72Ð up Ðhours.€€Although€all€parties€signed€the€letter€of€intent€and€it€was€supported€by€consideration,€theÐ a\ Ðletter€of€intent€was€not€intended€by€the€parties€to€contain€all€of€the€essential€terms€of€theirÐ MH Ðagreement.€€The€attorney€should€advise€Dave€that€the€letter€of€intent€was€not€an€enforceableÐ 94 Ðagreement.€€Ð %  ÐÌà  àAn€applicant€might€also€address€the€issue€of€whether€the€contract€for€sale€signed€by€DaveÐ ýø Ð(but€not€delivered€to€the€Buyers)€would€constitute€an€enforceable€contract.€€Since€Dave€did€notÐ éä Ðmail€the€executed€standard€form€contract€to€the€Buyers,€the€contract€is€not€enforceable.€€Even€ifÐ Õ Ð ÐDave€had€mailed€the€contract,€at€best,€it€would€be€construed€as€a€counter„offer€because€the€termsÐ Á!¼ Ðwere€modified€by€Dave€prior€to€his€signing€the€contract.€€Consequently,€Dave€did€not€accept€theÐ ­"¨ Ðcontract€submitted€by€the€Buyers.€€See,€the€discussion€of€the€postal€acceptance€rule€by€the€CourtÐ ™#” Ðof€Appeals€in€òòReserve€Insurance€v.€Duckettóó,€249€Md.€108,€238€A.€2òòndóó€536€(1968).òò€óó€€Ð …$€  ÐÌà  àNeither€the€letter€of€intent€nor€the€standard€form€contract€satisfies€the€criteria€for€anÐ ]&X" Ðenforceable€contract.€€Therefore,€the€Buyers€will€fail€in€their€pursuit€of€specific€performance.€€Ð I'D # ÐÓ^dÓÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÐ å+à$( ЇÓ  Óò òQUESTION€7ó óÐ  ÐÓ·qÓÓ$°°¸ ‰X°œX$ÓÓÓa.€à0  àA€limited€liability€company€(ð ðLLCðð)€would€be€the€business€entity€that€best€achieves€theÐ ÝØ Ðclientsðð€goals.€€The€reasons€for€this€recommendation€are€as€follows:ÐÉ Ä(#(# ÐÓ ,ÓÓE+Ü Ü` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°¸ ‰XEÓÌÓ ,ÓÓB+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ÜÜ‹XBÓÝ"‚0é;"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚0é;¹sÝà0  àÔ2Š½ÔÚ  Ú1Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝSam,€Mark€and€Willy€can€invest€equal€amounts€in€the€business€and€receive€anÐ ¡ œ Ðinterest€in€the€LLC€without€the€responsibility€of€making€any€further€capitalÐ  ˆ Ðcontributions.€€No€member€of€an€LLC€is€personally€liable€for€the€obligations€ofÐ y t Ðthe€LLC€solely€by€reason€of€being€a€member.€(Corporations€and€AssociationsÐ e` ÐArticle,€ðð4A„301)݃0é;¹sæsÝŒÐQL ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ „ÓÓ<(4 4` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°ŒX<ÓÌÓ „ÓÓB+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 44` ŠXBÓÝ"‚0é;"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚0é;ÊvÝà0  àÔ2Š½ÔÚ  Ú2Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝAn€LLC€is€formed€upon€the€acceptance€for€record€of€the€Articles€of€OrganizationÐ )$  Ðby€the€Maryland€State€Department€of€Assessments€and€Taxations.€€An€operatingÐ   Ðagreement€is€permitted€but€not€required.€€There€are€no€other€formalities€requiredÐ ü  Ðexcept€those€necessary€for€tax€and€other€governmental€reports€reflecting€operationÐ íè  Ðof€the€LLC.€€(ðð4A„202)݃0é;Êv÷vÝŒÐÙÔ ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ?+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°ŒX?ÓÌÝ"‚0é;"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚0é;“yÝà0  àÔ2Š½ÔÚ  Ú3Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝUnless€the€operating€agreement€provides€to€the€contrary,€a€member€may€lendÐ ±¬ Ðmoney€to€the€LLC€and€subject€to€other€applicable€law,€that€member€has€the€sameÐ ˜ Ðrights€and€obligations€with€respect€to€the€loan€as€any€other€lender€who€is€not€aÐ ‰„ Ðmember.€(ðð4A„405)݃0é;“yÀyÝŒÐup` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ?+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°ŒX?ÓÌÝ"‚0é;"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚0é;ì{Ýà0  àÔ2Š½ÔÚ  Ú4Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝProfits€and€losses€of€an€LLC€are€allocated€among€the€members€in€proportion€toÐ MH Ðtheir€respective€capital€interests€unless€otherwise€provided€in€an€operatingÐ 94 Ðagreement.€(ðð4A„503)݃0é;ì{|ÝŒÐ% ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ?+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°ŒX?ÓÌÝ"‚0é;"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚0é;ä}Ýà0  àÔ2Š½ÔÚ  Ú5Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝAn€LLC€has€the€power€to€allocate€duties€to€or€employ€a€member€or€other€personÐ ýø Ðas€a€manager€for€the€operation€of€the€business€of€the€LLC.€€The€terms€andÐ éä Ðconditions€of€a€managerððs€duties€should€be€contained€in€either€the€operatingÐ Õ Ð Ðagreement€or€in€a€separate€employment€agreement.€(ðð4A„402)݃0é;ä}~ÝŒÐÁ!¼` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ?+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°ŒX?ÓÌÝ"‚0é;"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚0é;c€Ýà0  àÔ2Š½ÔÚ  Ú6Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝThe€operating€agreement€for€the€LLC€may€specify€the€requirements€for€theÐ ™#” Ðapproval€of€the€actions€of€an€LLC.€€Unanimous€consent,€if€required€by€theÐ …$€  Ðoperating€agreement€or€other€law,€must€be€in€writing.€(ðð4A„404)݃0é;c€€ÝŒÐq%l!` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌb.€à0  à€To€implement€the€recommendation,€the€following€documents€should€be€prepared:ÐI'D #(#(# ÐÓ ,ÓÓ?+Ü Ü` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°ŒX?ÓÌÓ ,ÓÓB+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ÜÜ‹XBÓà  à1)€€à0 ` àArticles€of€Organization€are€necessary€to€create€the€LLC€under€the€laws€ofÐ !)"% ÐMaryland.Ð *#&` (#` (# Ðâ âÓ „ÓÓ<(4 4` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°ŒX<ÓÐ ù*ô#' ÐØ!! !ØÓ „ÓÓB+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 44` ŠXBÓà  à2.)à0 ` àOperating€Agreement€that€sets€forth€the€interests€of€each€member,€the€votingÐ  Ðâ ârequirements€and€the€management€duties€of€Mark.€€Markððs€employment€dutiesÐ ñì Ðand€salary€can€also€be€set€forth€in€an€employment€agreement.ÐÝØ` (#` (# ÐÓ?+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°ŒX?ÓÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà  à3)à ` àSamððs€loan€of€$10,000€should€be€evidenced€by€a€promissory€note€signed€by€theÐ µ ° ÐLLC€upon€unanimous€consent€of€the€loan€by€all€the€members.€€The€loan€can€beÐ ¡ œ Ðsecured€by€the€inventory€and€equipment€through€an€executed€security€agreementÐ  ˆ Ðbetween€Sam€and€the€LLC€and€a€properly€filed€financing€statement.Ðy t` (#` (# ÐÓ?+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°ŒX?ÓÌà  à4)à ` àUnanimous€written€consent€document€for€the€loan€made€by€Sam€to€the€LLC.Ð QL  ÐÓ?+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°ŒX?ÓÌÓ€ («=08! ÓØ! !Øc.à0  àSince€Sam,€Mark€and€Willy€have€interests€which€are€adverse€with€respect€to€the€loan€andÐ )$  Ðthe€designation€of€Mark€as€the€manager€of€the€business,€they€must€be€advised€that€youÐ   Ðwill€only€represent€the€entity€to€be€formed€and€that€each€requires€independent€advice€ofÐ ü  Ðcounsel€with€respect€to€the€loan€and€to€the€management€duties€of€and€compensation€forÐ íè  ÐMark€serving€as€the€manager€of€the€business.€€The€waiver€of€and€informed€consent€toÐ ÙÔ  Ðthese€conflicts€must€be€confirmed€in€writing.€€The€fee€arrangements€and€the€detailsÐ ÅÀ Ðregarding€the€scope€of€the€attorneyððs€representation€should€be€communicated€to€the€client,Ð ±¬ Ðpreferably€in€writing.€€òòSeeóó€Maryland€Lawyersðð€Rules€of€Professional€Conduct,€Rules€1.2,Ð ˜ Ð1.5(b)€and€1.7.Љ„(#(# ÐÓrÓÑ  ÑÐ  up ÐÓ  Óò òQUESTION€8Ð  ÐÓÓó óÓ  ÓÓ?+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ °°ŒX?Óà  à(1)à ` àMRPC€1.4(b)à  àA€lawyer€shall€explain€a€matter€to€the€extent€reasonably€Ð ÝØ Ðnecessary€to€permit€the€client€to€make€informed€decisions€regarding€the€representation.€€Ð É Ä ÐÑ  ÑÌà  àLawyer€did€not€disclose€that€the€deed€of€trust€was€materially€defective€and€did€not€Ð ¡ œ Ðserve€its€purpose€of€securing€the€loan.€Lawyer€did€not€explain€that€he€intended€to€fund€his€Ð  ˆ Ðrepayment€of€the€loan€from€the€5%€commission€as€he€made€no€monthly€payments€on€the€Ð y t Ðdeed€of€trust.€€Lawyer€did€not€explain€why€he€should€receive€payment€for€all€his€services€Ð e` Ðon€the€hourly€rate€agreement€and,€in€addition,€a€5%€commission€on€the€sale€price.Ð QL  ÐÌà  à(2)à ` àMRPC€1.5(a)à  àA€lawyer€shall€not€make€an€agreement€for,€charge,€or€Ð )$  Ðcollect€an€unreasonable€fee€or€an€unreasonable€amount€for€expenses.€€The€factors€to€be€Ð   Ðconsidered€in€determining€the€reasonableness€of€€a€fee€include€the€following:€€*€*€*€(3)€Ð ü  Ðthe€fee€customarily€charged€in€the€locality€for€similar€legal€services;€*€*€*€(8)€whether€the€Ð íè  ÐÑ  Ñfee€is€fixed€or€contingent.€€*€*€*Ð ÙÔ  ÐÌà  àLawyerððs€receipt€of€payment€at€his€hourly€rate€for€all€services€he€rendered€to€Ð ±¬ ÐÑ  ÑElder€and€of€€the€5%€commission€of€the€sale€price€was€not€reasonable€under€the€given€Ð ˜ Ðfacts.€€There€was€no€explanation€of€Lawyerððs€entitlement€to€the€5%€commission.Ð ‰„ ÐÌà  à(3)à ` àMRPC€1.5(b)à  àThe€scope€of€the€representation€and€the€basis€or€rate€of€the€Ð a\ Ðfee€and€expenses€for€which€the€client€will€be€responsible€shall€be€communicated€to€the€Ð MH Ðclient,€preferably€in€writing,€before€or€within€a€reasonable€time€after€commencing€the€Ð 94 Ðrepresentation,€except€when€the€lawyer€will€charge€a€regularly€represented€client€on€Ð %  Ðthe€same€basis€or€rate.€€Any€changes€in€the€basis€or€rate€of€the€fee€or€expenses€shall€Ð   Ðalso€be€communicated€to€the€client.Ð ýø ÐÌà  àThe€given€facts€do€not€state€whether€or€not€Elder€had€been€a€regularly€represented€Ð Õ Ð Ðclient€of€Lawyer.€€There€was€no€written€agreement€regarding€the€5%€commission.€€ThereÐ Á!¼ Ðwas€no€explanation€by€Lawyer€of€his€fee€for€his€hourly€rate€and€a€5%€commission.Ð ­"¨ ÐÌÑ  Ñòòóóà  à(4)à ` àMRPC€1.5(c)€A€fee€may€be€contingent€on€the€outcome€of€the€matter€for€Ð …$€  Ðwhich€the€service€is€rendered,€except€in€a€matter€in€which€a€contingent€fee€is€prohibited€Ð q%l! ÐÑ  Ñby€paragraph€€(d)€or€other€law.€€A€contingent€fee€agreement€shall€be€in€a€writing€signed€Ð ]&X" Ðby€the€client€and€shall€state€the€method€by€which€the€fee€is€to€be€determined,€including€Ð I'D # Ðthe€percentage€or€percentages€that€shall€accrue€to€the€lawyer€in€the€event€of€Ð 5(0!$ Ðsettlement€€*€*€*€.Ð !)"% ÐÑ  ÑÌà  àThe€amount€of€Lawyerððs€fee€was€contingent,€in€part,€on€the€sale€price.€There€was€noÐ ù*ô#' Ðwritten€agreement€for€that€fee.Ð å+à$( Їà  à(5)à ` àMRPC€1.7(a)à  àExcept€as€provided€in€paragraph€(b),€a€lawyer€shall€not€Ð  Ðrepresent€a€client€if€the€representation€involves€a€conflict€of€interest.€€A€conflict€of€Ð ñì ÐÑ  Ñinterest€exists€if:€*€*€*€(2)€€there€is€a€significant€risk€that€the€representation€of€one€or€more€Ð ÝØ Ðclients€will€be€materially€limited€by€the€lawyerððs€responsibilities€to€another€client,€a€Ð É Ä Ðformer€client€or€a€third€person€or€by€a€personal€interest€of€the€lawyer.Ð µ ° ÐÌà  àLawyer€had€a€conflict€of€interest€as€a€result€of€his€solicitation€and€receipt€of€theÐ  ˆ Ðpersonal€loan€from€Elder.Ð y t ÐÌà  à(6)à ` àMRPC€1.8(a)à  àA€lawyer€shall€not€enter€into€a€business€transaction€with€a€Ð QL  Ðclient€unless:€(1)€the€transaction€and€terms€on€which€the€lawyer€acquires€the€interest€are€Ð =8  Ðfair€and€reasonable€to€the€client€and€are€fully€disclosed€and€transmitted€in€writing€in€a€Ð )$  Ðmanner€that€can€be€reasonably€understood€by€the€client;€(2)€the€client€is€advised€in€Ð   Ðwriting€of€the€desirability€of€seeking€and€is€given€a€reasonable€opportunity€to€seek€the€Ð ü  Ðadvice€of€independent€legal€counsel€on€the€transaction;€and€(3)€the€client€gives€informed€Ð íè  Ðconsent,€in€a€writing€signed€by€the€client,€to€the€essential€terms€of€the€transaction€and€the€Ð ÙÔ  Ðlawyerððs€role€in€the€transaction,€including€whether€the€lawyer€is€representing€the€client€in€Ð ÅÀ Ðthe€transaction.Ð ±¬ ÐÌà  àThe€loan€was€a€business€transaction€with€Elder.€€(1)€On€the€given€facts,€there€was€Ð ‰„ Ðno€written€disclosure€to€Elder€on€how€Lawyer€intended€to€handle€the€transaction.€The€Ð up Ðdeed€of€trust€as€written€and€provided€by€Lawyer€was€a€sham.€€(2)€Lawyer€never€advised€Ð a\ ÐElder€to€seek€the€advice€of€independent€legal€counsel€prior€to€or€at€anything€regarding€the€Ð MH Ðpersonal€loan€to€Lawyer.€€(3)€An€informed€consent€written€statement€was€never€obtained€Ð 94 Ðfrom€Elder.€Ð %  ÐÑ  ÑÌà  à(7)à ` àMRPC€8.4€(c)€It€is€professional€misconduct€for€a€lawyer€to:€€*€*€*€(c)€Ð ýø Ðengage€in€conduct€Involving€dishonesty,€fraud,€deceit€or€misrepresentationÐ éä ÐÑ  ÑÌà  à(8)à ` àMRPC€8.4€(d)€It€is€professional€misconduct€for€a€lawyer€to:€€€*€*€*€(d)€Ð Á!¼ Ðengage€in€conduct€that€is€prejudicial€to€the€administration€of€justiceÐ ­"¨ ÐÌà  àLawyerððs€receipt€of€payment€for€his€professional€services€rendered€at€his€hourly€rate€and€aÐ …$€  Ð5%€commission€as€well;€his€omissions€in€drafting€and€providing€the€deed€of€trust€to€secure€theÐ q%l! Ðloan€particularly€when€he€was€experienced€in€real€estate€transactions,€and€his€method€of€handlingÐ ]&X" Ðthe€re„payment€of€the€loan€without€regard€to€the€deed€of€trust€terms€he€had€provided€to€Elder,Ð I'D # Ðconstitute€violations€of€this€section.Ð 5(0!$ ÐÌReference:Ð  *#& ÐAttorney€Grievance€Commission€v.€ParkerÐ ù*ô#' Ð389€Md.€142,€884€A.2d€104€(2005)Ð  å+à$( ÐÓ´ÓÓ  ÓÓ?+k kà s Ë#{Ó+ƒÛ3‹!°°ŒX?Óò òQUESTION€9ó óÐ  ÐÓÓÓ  Óà  àThe€issues€presented€here€are€what€rights€Walker€S&L€has€to€recover€as€a€secured€party€toÐ ÝØ Ðthe€Dollar€Note€pledged€by€Diana€Troy.€€Ð É Ä ÐÌà  àTitle€9€of€the€Commercial€Law€Article€sets€forth€a€secured€partyððs€right€to€dispose€ofÐ ¡ œ Ðcollateral€after€a€default.€€Although€Walker€S&L€does€not€have€possession€of€the€note€by€filingÐ  ˆ Ðthe€finance€statement,€it€has€a€valid€perfected€security€interest€in€the€note€under€9„312.€€Ð y t ÐÑ  ÑÌà  àWalker€S&L€may€take€possession€of€the€note€pursuant€to€the€lawful€measures€set€forth€inÐ QL  ÐSection€9„609.€€Walker€S&L€has€the€right€to€take€possession€of€the€collateral€since€Diana€TroyÐ =8  Ðdefaulted.€€Section€9„609.€Ð )$  ÐÌà  àWalker€S&L€has€the€right€to€dispose€of€the€Dollar€Note€in€a€commercially€reasonableÐ ü  Ðmanner.€€9„610.€Diana€Troy€owed€$150,000€to€Walker€S&L€on€the€loan€she€received€fromÐ íè  ÐWalker€S&L.€€If€Walker€S&L€receives€more€than€that€amount€upon€selling€or€collecting€on€theÐ ÙÔ  ÐDollar€note,€after€it€has€accounted€for€all€of€its€fees€and€expenses,€it€must€pay€off€other€securedÐ ÅÀ Ðcreditors€on€the€note,€if€any,€and€return€the€remainder€to€Diana€Troy.€9„608.€€€It€is€unlikely€thatÐ ±¬ ÐWalker€S&L€will€get€the€entire€$200,000€owed€on€the€note.€€However,€if€there€a€deficiency,€TroyÐ ˜ Ðwould€be€liable€for€that€amount.€€Walker€S&L€also€has€the€right€to€institute€a€suit€against€Mr.Ð ‰„ ÐDollar€on€his€personal€guarantee€to€recover€all€or€part€of€the€amounts€owed€it€on€its€loan€to€DianaÐ up ÐTroy.€€Ð a\ ÐÑ  Ñ€€€€Ð MH ÐÓ3©ÓÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÔ_ÔÐ  94 ÐÓ  Óò òÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔQUESTION€10ó óÔ#†XüdXXXüdÑ°#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔÐ  ÐØ! !ØÓ€ (uh80ÓÓÓÔ#†XüdXXXüd!±#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔÓ! °Ü‹XkkŒX!ÓÓ  Óà Ü àa.à  àÔ_ÔMREÔ_Ô€5„613(b)€requires€that€at€some€point€before€counsel€completes€his€or€herÐ ÝØ Ðexamination€of€the€witness€that€the€witness€is€shown€a€written€statement€and€given€anÐ É Ä Ðopportunity€to€explain€or€deny€having€made€it.€€Here,€the€prosecutor€must€give€Christine€anÐ µ ° Ðopportunity€to€both€see€and€either€admit,€deny€or€explain€the€prior€written€statement.€€Unless€theÐ ¡ œ Ðprosecution€does€this,€he€or€she€cannot€offer€the€document€as€extrinsic€evidence.€€The€list€mustÐ  ˆ Ðalso€first€be€authenticated€by€Christine€or€someone€else€with€knowledge€of€her€handwritingÐ y t Ðbefore€it€is€introduced.Ð e` ÐÔ#†XüdXXXüd,²#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔÌÔ#†XüdXXXüd˜µ#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔà Ü àb.à  àThe€Defendant€may€object€on€the€grounds€that€the€tax€return€contains€inadmissibleÐ =8  Ðhearsay€statements€used€to€prove€the€truth€of€the€matter€asserted€(i.e.€that€she€earned€$2,000,000Ð )$  Ðfrom€the€CARES€operation).€The€records€may,€however,€come€in€as€an€admission€under€Ô#†XüdXXXüdÛµ#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔÔ_ÔMREÔ_Ô€5„Ð   Ð803(a),Ô#†XüdXXXüdg·#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔ€€business€record€under€Ô#†XüdXXXüdë·#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔÔ_ÔMREÔ_Ô€5„803(b)(6),€or€public€record€under€Ô_ÔMREÔ_Ô€5„803(b)(8)Ð ü  ÐÔ#†XüdXXXüdE¸#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔexceptions€to€hearsayÔ#†XüdXXXüd¹#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔ.€€The€document€will€still€have€to€be€authenticated€unless€certified.€€Ð íè  ÐÔ#†XüdXXXüdj¹#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔà Ü àÌÔ#†XüdXXXüdº#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔà Ü àc.€and€d.à ` àÔ#†XüdXXXüdWº#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔThe€recording€is€an€illegal€wire€tap€of€Christinaððs€statements€because€it€is€withoutÐ ÅÀ Ðher€consent.€€Thus,€the€communication€is€inadmissible€through€the€tape.€€Ô_ÔCJPÔ_Ô€10„ðð101,€10„ðð102Ð ±¬ Ðand€10„ðð105.€€However,€because€the€statements€were€made€directly€to€Johnny,€and€thusÐ ˜ Ðpersonally€perceived€by€him,€he€can€testify€as€to€those€statements€as€an€admission€by€Christina.€€Ô#†XüdXXXüdºº#Ôò òÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔÐ ‰„ Ðó óÔ#†XüdXXXüdѼ#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔà Ü àÌÔ#†XüdXXXüd+½#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔà Ü àe.à  àThe€testimony€of€Dr.€Bill€will€be€inadmissible€hearsay€because€Governor€is€not€a€partyÐ a\ Ðopponent€in€the€criminal€action€against€Christiana.€€The€testimony€€also€may€violate€the€patient„Ð MH Ðpsychologist€privilege.€€Pursuant€to€Ô#†XüdXXXüdz½#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔÔ_ÔCJPÔ_Ô€ðð€9„109€aÔ#†XüdXXXüdܾ#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔ€patient€who€communicates€with€or€receivesÐ 94 Ðservices€from€a€psychiatric„mental€health€professional€enjoys€a€privileged€communicationÐ %  Ðregarding€the€diagnosis€or€treatment€of€the€patientððs€mental€condition.€The€privilege€can€only€beÐ   Ðwaived€by€the€patient„„Governor€(whether€or€not€he/she€is€a€party),€unless€for€example€the€patientÐ ýø Ðputs€the€communication€itself€in€issue.€Ð éä ÐÔ#†XüdXXXüdN¿#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔÌà Ü àf.à  àPursuant€to€Ô#†XüdXXXüdiÁ#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔÔ_ÔMREÔ_Ô€5„802€Ô#†XüdXXXüdÒÁ#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔthe€testimony€of€Spitfireððs€wife€will€be€inadmissible€hearsayÐ Á!¼ Ðbecause€Governor€is€not€a€party€opponent€in€the€criminal€action€against€Christiana.Ô#†XüdXXXüd>Â#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔ€€Moreover,Ð ­"¨ Ðpursuant€to€Ô#†XüdXXXüd(Ã#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔÔ_ÔCJPÔ_Ô€ðð€9„105€one€spouse€is€not€competent€to€disclose€any€confidential€communicationÐ ™#” Ðbetween€the€spouses€which€occurred€during€marriage.€€Therefore,€it€does€not€matter€that€SpitfireÐ …$€  Ðis€not€a€party€to€the€criminal€action,€because€his€wife€is€not€competent€as€a€witness,€unless€theyÐ q%l! Ðboth€agree€to€her€testimony.Ô#†XüdXXXüd–Ã#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdԀР]&X" ÐÌà Ü àg.à  à€As€with€the€Spitfireððs€wife,€tÔ#†XüdXXXüdjÅ#ÔÔ‡XüdXXXüdÔhe€testimony€of€Christianaððs€ex„husband€will€beÐ 5(0!$ Ðinadmissible€as€a€confidential€communication€of€one€spouse€to€the€other€while€the€two€wereÐ !)"% Ðmarried.€Waiver€of€the€privilege€is€held€by€both€spouses,€and€the€privilege€applies€to€couples€thatÐ  *#& Ðare€no€longer€married,€so€long€as€the€communication€was€made€during€the€course€of€the€marriage.€Ð ù*ô#' ÐÔ#†XüdXXXüdÿÅ#ÔÓ÷±Ó